Abstract
Breakfast beverages with different nutrient compositions may affect postprandial glycemic control differently. We assessed the effects of consuming (1) common breakfast beverages (water, sugar-sweetened coffee, reduced-energy orange juice (OJ), and low-fat milk (LFM)); and (2) fat-free, low-fat, and whole milk with breakfast on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses in adults who were overweight/obese. Forty-six subjects (33F/13M, body mass index: 32.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2, age: 50 ± 1 years, mean ± SEMs) consumed a standard sandwich with one of the six beverages on separate mornings in randomized order. The test beverages (except water) each contained 12 g digestible carbohydrate. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured from blood obtained pre- and post-meal at 30-min intervals for 4 h and incremental areas under the curve (AUC) were computed. We found (1) among different beverage types, glucose AUC was higher for coffee versus water, OJ, and LFM. Insulin AUC was higher for coffee and LFM versus OJ and water; (2) Glucose AUCs were not different among water and milks while insulin AUC was higher for milks versus water. In conclusion, consumption of water, reduced-energy OJ, or milk (irrespective of fat content) with a meal may be preferable to consuming sugar-sweetened coffee for glucose control in middle-aged adults who are overweight and obese.
Highlights
Dietary energy from beverages represents approximately 18% of the total energy consumed by adults in America, according to 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data [1]; and energy-containing beverages with different nutrient compositions have differential effects on postprandial glycemia as reflected by the differences in the glycemic index (GI)of the beverages [2,3]
We compared three varieties of milk to assess the effects of milk fat on the postprandial glycemia and insulinemia coffee or reduced‐energy orange juice
Twenty-nine subjects had normal glucose tolerance and seventeen had prediabetes based on their screening blood HbA1c levels
Summary
Dietary energy from beverages represents approximately 18% of the total energy consumed by adults in America, according to 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data [1]; and energy-containing beverages with different nutrient compositions have differential effects on postprandial glycemia as reflected by the differences in the glycemic index (GI). We investigated the effects of consuming iso-volumetric and iso-carbohydrate quantities of four of the commonly consumed breakfast beverages, including water (control), sugar-sweetened coffee, reduced-energy orange juice (OJ), and low-fat milk (1% milk fat) [1] with a standard meal on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in adults who are overweight/obese and. Withbread a sugar (in coffee), and orange juice (approximately 42, 103, and 81, respectively with white as standard meal on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in adults who are overweight/obese and at reference) [5] and the observation that the glycemic index of meal components can be used to predict risk of developing type 2 diabetes (study aim 1). We compared three varieties of milk (fat-free, low‐fat milk would elicit a smaller glycemic response when compared to the meal consumed with low-fat, and whole milk) to assess the effects of milk fat on the postprandial glycemia and insulinemia coffee or reduced‐energy orange juice. This hypothesis was based on the lack of differences in glucose
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