Postoperative Radiotherapy for Stage pT3 Carcinoma of the Prostate: Improved Local Control

Abstract

Purpose We determined whether radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy leads to improved results in patients with stage pT3 carcinoma of the prostate. Materials and Methods In a prospective nonrandomized study of 203 patients with clinical stage T2 prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy 88 underwent surgery alone, 89 received early postoperative radiotherapy generally because of pathological stage T3 disease and 26 received delayed radiotherapy for local recurrence. The disease was stage pT3N0/X in 135 patients. Results For patients with pathological stage T3 cancer actuarial local recurrence rates were significantly decreased in the early postoperative radiotherapy group compared to the surgery only group (p = 0.005), while actuarial metastatic rates (p = 0.6) and cause specific survival rates (p = 0.04) were not significantly different. Multivariate analysis for all patients in both groups identified adverse features of increased postoperative prostate specific antigen levels, seminal vesicle involvement, lack of postoperative radiotherapy and positive lymph nodes. Late toxicity was severe (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3 or 4) in 13 surgery only and 17 early postoperative radiotherapy group patients. Of those who were potent postoperatively the incidence of impotence in the early postoperative radiotherapy group was 89 percent compared to 59 percent in the surgery only group (p = 0.003). For patients treated with delayed radiation for clinical local recurrence the actuarial local control rate was 54 percent after 10 years. Conclusions Local radiotherapy appears to improve local control of stage pT3 cancer but has no impact on overall survival.