Postoperative changes in liver function tests: randomized comparison of low- and high-pressure laparoscopiccholecystectomy

Abstract

Pneumporeitoneum at 14 mmHg causes dangerous hemodynamic disturbances in some patients, leading to splanchnic ischemia. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (7 mmHg) minimizes adverse hemodynamic effects on hepatic portal blood flow and hepatic function. This study evaluated the changes in liver function tests after high-pressure LC (HPLC; 14 mmHg) and low-pressure LC (LPLC; 7 mmHg). For this study, 50 patients were randomly assigned to undergo either HPLC (n = 25) or LPLC (n = 25) Liver function tests including total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were obtained preoperatively, then 24 and 48 h postoperatively. All patients had normal values on the preoperative liver function tests. The anesthesiologic protocol was uniform. The findings showed that ALT after 24 h (LPLC: 1473.72 +/- 654.85; HPLC: 2233.74 +/- 1247.33; p = 0.0096) and 48 h (LPLC: 1322.99 +/- 601.51; HPLC 2007.80 +/- 747.55; p = 0.0008) and AST after 24 h (LPLC: 1189.96 +/- 404.79 i.j.; HPLC: 1679.40 +/- 766.13; p = 0.0069) were increased in the patients who underwent HPLC. The AST levels after 48 h were statistically unchanged from baseline in both groups. Total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT levels remained unchanged from baseline in both groups, without a significant difference between the two groups. Because LPLC minimizes adverse hemodynamic effects on hepatic function, a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum should be considered for patients with compromised liver function, particularly those undergoing prolonged laparoscopic surgery.