Postnatal Variation in Microbiota Compositional Dynamics of Infants of Cesarean versus Vaginal mode of Delivery

Abstract

Introduction: Human microbial communities’ influences human physiology but, how they attain unique taxonomical and functional signatures within each body is still underexplored. Many studies have characterized that shape and composition of infant’s microbiome is substantially dependent upon the delivery mode at birth. The epidemiological data have shown C-section delivered babies are failed to exposed to maternal vaginal microbiota so they develop altered bacterial communities or microbiome that increases the risk of metabolic disorders later in life. The microbiota composition of C-section delivered babies is quick different from the infants deliver vaginally which expose to vaginal fluid during birth. C-section delivered babies acquire different microbiota from vaginally delivered infants as they exposing to vaginal fluid during birth. Following this, various postnatal factors are involving in the modulation of infant's microbiome composition such as exposure of different environmental conditions, antibiotic intake, diet, genetics and body sites that negatively influences the infant’s immune system. Objectives: In this review, it is intended to describe the variation in shape and composition of microbiome of vaginally and cesarean delivered babies and how microbiome's composition and immune system development is affected by various postnatal factors. In this study, homeostatic aspects of Cesarean delivered babies are also being discussed as it is also affected by the postnatal microbiome-mediated pathogen, variation in gut, oral and body sites bacterial communities. Conclusion: We concluded that cesarean delivered children showed significantly immune deficiencies which make them more prone to various disorders such as arthritis, asthma, allergic diseases, connective tissues diseases, leukemia and inflammatory bowel syndrome. These finding are highlighting the importance of shape and composition of microbiome in early-life.