POSTNATAL INFECTION AND IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the work is to investigate the relationship between the indices of the cellular and humoral components of immunity, the absolute and relative quantity of immunocompetent blood cells in children infected postnatal.Material and methods. 20 children aged 3 months to one year were divided into two groups: 1) control (n = 7); 2) in utero infected (n = 13). The study of blood counts and immune homeostasis was carried out from a single portion of heparinized venous blood taken from the ulnar vein of children with the permission of mothers. The determination was made by conventional methods [8-10]. Statistical processing of the results of the studies was carried out using standard methods for the program Statistica-6.0. To determine the statistical significance, the t-test of the Student was used.Results. The conducted studies aimed at establishing the absolute and relative number of immunocompetent cells and immunohematological indexes and coefficients at the age of 3 months to one year, with postnatal infection (Table 1), showed that these children were reduced by the absolute number of erythrocytes (by 22 , 4%), leukocytes (41.5%), the relative amount of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (by 80.0%), eosinophils (57.0%), absolute (58.1%) and relative quantities (13 , 0%) of lymphocytes, the relative amount of monocytes ( by 66.1%), while the number of segmented neutrophils increased by 43.8%, and the ESR by 13.6%. Such changes in the absolute number of immunocompetent cells affect the characteristics of the immune-haematological indices and coefficients. Thus, in children aged 3 months to 1 year with PNI, the leukocyte index increases by 2.7 times, the neutrophilic leukocyte coefficient increases by 54.9%, the leukocyte shift index by 55.3%, the index of immune reactivity - by 45.8%. Against this background, the neutrophil shift index is reduced by 2.6 times, the allergy index by 40.0% and the index of unspecific resistance by 31.5%. Versatile changes in the absolute and relative quantity of immunocompetent cells, immunohematological indices and coefficients indicate the presence of intoxication in the body of children from 3 months to 1 year with PNI. So, the leukocyte index of intoxication in these children increases by 64.3%, and the leukocyte index of intoxication by Ya.Ya. Calf-Caliph in 2,1 times. Thus, in children aged 3 months to 1 year, patients with PNI, there are a variety of significant changes in the absolute and relative quantity of immunocompetent cells and immunohumatological indices and coefficients.Conclusion. Postanital infection in children from 3 months to one year is formed and runs against the backdrop of lower indicators of factors and mechanisms of non-specific anti-infection protection, as well as against the background of acquired immunodeficiency state.