Postnatal growth failure of very low-birth-weight infants in Southwest Iran: A descriptive analytical study.

Abstract

Preterm infants are more prone to poor growth and neurodevelopment. The first few weeks of life play an important role in the growth and neurodevelopment of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. The Vermont Oxford Network, evaluating the postnatal growth of preterm newborns, considers growth failure as body weight <10th percentile for postmenstrual age. This study aims to assess the frequency of postnatal growth failure in VLBW infants in Southwest Iran. This descriptive analytical study was performed on VLBW infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) from September 2019 to August 2020. Growth failure was confirmed when a newborn's weight at discharge was smaller than the 10th percentile corrected age (≤-1.28 Z-score), based on the Fenton growth chart as a standard. This study was performed on 353 infants. Intrauterine growth retardation was detected in 29% of female and 10.6% of male newborns, who were born at a gestational age of 32 and 31 weeks or higher respectively. Upon hospital discharge, postnatal growth failure was detected in all newborn girls, except for those born at 32 weeks of gestation, and all newborn boys, except for those born at a gestational age of 33-34 weeks. Postnatal growth retardation in VLBW infants born in our NICU was much higher than that of other centers. Overcrowding, short length of hospitalization, low nurse-to-patient ratio, and untrained nurses were among the reasons for poor postnatal growth in our center.