‘Postnatal growth during the first five years of life in SGA and AGA neonates with reduced fetal growth’

Abstract

BackgroundEven though a lot of research has been done on postnatal growth and the occurrence of catch-up growth in small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates, this phenomenon has not been studied well in appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonates. Postnatal catch-up growth may also occur in AGA neonates indicating a compensatory mechanism for undiagnosed intrauterine growth restriction, especially in AGA neonates with reduced fetal growth velocity. AimsTo describe postnatal growth during the first 5 years of life in SGA and AGA neonates and evaluating the role of fetal growth velocity in catch-up growth. Study designRetrospective study in a Dutch tertiary hospital. Subjects740 singleton neonates, without congenital anomalies, with ultrasound fetal growth data from 20 weeks and 32 weeks of pregnancy. Outcome measuresPostnatal growth measurements of height (cm) and weight (kg) from birth until five years of age.Postnatal catch-up growth defined as difference (delta) in both height and weight between 4 weeks and 3 years of age. Results and conclusionsSGA neonates had a significantly lower height and weight compared to the AGA group for all available measurement moments till 3 years. The catch-up growth between the SGA and AGA groups from 4 weeks up to 3 years after birth was not different between the two groups. However, neonates with reduced fetal growth velocity had a significantly higher risk for catch–up growth in height during the first 3 years after birth.This suggests a role for fetal growth velocity measurement in predicting fetal and subsequent postnatal growth potential.