Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Primary Women Health Concern

Abstract

Osteoporosis is the chronic condition of bone associated with decreased bone density, quality of bones and increased risks of fractures. Postmenopausal osteoporosis deals with increased bone resorption that results in loss of bone and fragility over 45 years of women. One of the leading causes of postmenopausal osteoporosis is the reduction of estrogen production in the ovaries of females. Lack of estrogen triggers several bone turnover pathways that result in osteoporosis. The drop of estrogen in the postmenopausal transition period, causes more bone resorption as compared to bone formation resulting in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporotic fractures is the major threat to the health of the women due to postmenopausal osteoporosis and hormone therapy is considered the first line therapy against this disease. To date, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been designed to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone turnover markers help in the monitoring of osteoporosis treatment and in the assessment of fracture risk. Besides these conventional therapies, novel and advanced strategies have been constructed for the treatment of osteoporosis. Probiotics Choice and Ovarian Follicular Pool have opened a new avenue to treat osteoporosis. This review shed light on the biochemical perspective of postmenopausal osteoporosis, novel methods for its treatment, and management therapies to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.