Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, former Islamists who knew the Islam of criticism and protest began to revise the Islamist ideology and its totalitarian and authoritarian tendencies. As a response to their political experience and intellectual curiosity, they revisited the Islamist ideology’s conception of truth. They realized that the number of truths corresponded to the number of human perspectives. Abdolkarim Soroush’s work historicized religious knowledge. Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari’s work distinguished between religious knowledge and religious experience. Mohsen Makhmalbaf’s artistic work reflected his intellectual journey from advocating a single truth founding social and political reality to embracing the view that reality can be grasped from different perspectives. This intellectual perspectivism created the theoretical condition of possibility of a post-Islamist and democratic political discourse in Iran.
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