Postharvest Techniques to Prevent the Incidence of Botrytis Mold of ‘BRS Vitoria’ Seedless Grape under Cold Storage

Allan Domingues,Sergio Roberto,Ciro Sumida,Muhammad Shahab,Saeed Ahmed,Reginaldo De Souza,Osmar José Chaves Junior

doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030017

Abstract

‘BRS Vitoria’ (Vitis spp.) is a novel hybrid seedless table grape recommended for cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas, especially for overseas export. The main postharvest disease of this cultivar is botrytis or gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), which occurs even under low temperatures in cold chambers. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) release pads have been used to control this disease under cold storage, but some grape cultivars are sensitive to certain levels of this compound. The objective of this work was to evaluate different types of SO2 generator pads in order to prevent the incidence of gray mold of ‘BRS Vitoria’ seedless grape, as well to avoid other grape injuries during cold storage. Grape bunches were harvested when fully ripened (16°Brix) from a commercial field trained on overhead trellis and located at Marialva, state of Parana (PR) (South Brazil). Grapes were packed into carton boxes and subjected to the following SO2 pad treatments (Uvasys®, Cape Town, South Africa) in a cold chamber (2 °C): (a) control; (b) SO2 slow release pad; (c) SO2 dual release pad; (d) SO2 dual release–fast reduced pad; (e) SO2 slow release pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea; (f) SO2 dual release pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea; and (g) SO2 dual release–fast reduced pad with grapes inoculated with B. cinerea. After a 50-day cold chamber period, the grape boxes were kept for 7 days at room temperature at 25 °C. A randomized design was used with seven treatments and four replications, with five bunches per plot. The incidence of gray mold on grapes was evaluated after the 50-day cold storage and after the 7-days-at-room-temperature periods, as well other grape physicochemical variables, such as shattered berries, stem browning, bunch mass, bunch mass loss, skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA. The dual release pads were more efficient in preventing the incidence of gray mold and mass loss in ‘BRS Vitoria’ seedless grapes than the slow release pads in both storage periods. The incidence of shattered berries was lower when any type SO2 pad was used during cold storage, and no effects were observed on stem browning, firmness, or berry skin color of ‘BRS Vitoria’ grapes.

Highlights

Released in 2012, the new hybrid seedless table grape ‘BRS Vitoria’ is recommended for cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas
SO2 -generating pads presented a lower incidence of gray mold in relation to the control, and in the treatments with the dual release and fast-reduced release pads, no symptoms of the disease were observed, even when the fruit were inoculated with pathogen (Table 1)
The grapes treated with dual release pads presented better results in the presence of the fungus at 7 days at room temperature, and were more promising than the SO2 slow release pad for ‘BRS Vitoria’ table grapes, which were not efficient in control of the disease

Summary

Introduction

Released in 2012, the new hybrid seedless table grape ‘BRS Vitoria’ is recommended for cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas This cultivar has good development and production, and is tolerant to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), one of the major grape diseases in humid areas. The fungus Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold, is considered one of the most damaging postharvest pathogens to the quality of table grapes during storage and transport over long distances. The control of this fungus is important during refrigerated storage, as it develops at low temperatures (−0.5 ◦ C) and spreads rapidly through the berry clusters [2,3,4]

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