Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that primarily affects Asia, Africa, South America, and the Mediterranean basin. Despite extensive efforts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine, no promising vaccine is available yet. However, recent advancements in computational vaccinology on the one hand and genome sequencing approaches on the other have generated new hopes in vaccine development. Computational genome mining for new vaccine candidates is known as reverse vaccinology and is believed to further extend the current list of Leishmania vaccine candidates. Reverse vaccinology can also reduce the intrinsic risks associated with live attenuated vaccines. Individual epitopes arranged in tandem as polytopes are also a possible outcome of reverse genome mining. Here, we will briefly compare reverse vaccinology with conventional vaccinology in respect to Leishmania vaccine, and we will discuss how it influences the aforementioned topics. We will also introduce new in vivo models that will bridge the gap between human and laboratory animal models in future studies.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Infectious Diseases, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Computational genome mining for new vaccine candidates is known as reverse vaccinology and is believed to further extend the current list of Leishmania vaccine candidates
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), which is caused by Leishmania mexicana complexes in Brazil and Venezuela, is distinguished by producing multiple parasitefilled nodules all over the body
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Infectious Diseases, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology. Some controversial data has recently raised concern about the role of these cells in secondary infection after low dose or high dose challenge, but undoubtedly confirm that CD8+ T cells contribute to optimal primary immunity and establishment of successful memory response (Okwor et al, 2014).
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