Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Eclamptic Patients: The Relationship between Blood Pressure, Cranial Involvement, and Seizure Recurrence

Abstract

Objectives: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinic radiological disorder characterized by headache, epileptic seizure, encephalopathy, visual impairment, and focal neurological deficits. Gestational hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for PRES, may cause significant morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. Design: Twenty-four patients with PRES caused by eclampsia who were admitted to our hospital in the last 5 years were included in this study. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Blood pressure at admission, the number of regions with vasogenic edema in the brain, and recurrent seizures were noted. Patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Results: Using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson χ2 tests, there was no statistical significance between the groups in terms of cranial involvement (p = 0.471). However, binary logistic regression analysis showed that seizure recurrence increased in correlation with blood pressure (p = 0.04). Limitations: PRES is a rare syndrome associated with several etiologies. In our study, only patients with PRES due to eclampsia were included. Therefore, the number of included patients was limited (24 participants). Conclusion: PRES may occur in eclamptic patients with mild, moderate, or severe blood pressure values. Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Early and rapid treatment is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.