Abstract
Immunoparalysis is a well-documented phenomenon for children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart surgery.1-3 In this issue of The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Chenouard and colleagues4 describe expression of monocyte expression of human leukocyte antigen (mHLA-DR), a marker of an antiinflammatory response,5,6 in a cohort of young infants. They demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in postbypass mHLA-DR levels and suggest an association between reduced expression of this biomarker (ie, immunosuppression) and hospital-acquired infections.
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