Postanak države i prvi oblici policijske organizacije u starom veku

Abstract

State formation involves a long historical period. At the beginning of this period, the first forms of military-political institutions of power were formed. The first forms of police function and organization should also be sought within these institutions. The first forms of police authority and organization had the function of protecting the political order of the government. By the time it would also get its contemporary dimension and segment - combating against various forms of deviant behaviour of individuals and protecting the legal order. Fully functional and organizational separation of the police came in a modern epoch, with the emergence of modern state administration, but the first forms of police function can be identified at the very beginning of the emergence and development of the state. Of course, this conclusion implies that the police function is viewed as the function that serves to preserve the legal order through law enforcement. Only in this way it is possible to recognize it in all the authorities that performed such a function, regardless of whether it is a specialized body or the first, rudimentary forms of power within primitive societies. However, only by the emergence of civilization and the first cities-states, and then the empire, there is a clear indication of the differentiated structure of state power, and within it the structure of state administration. In this segment, the first specialized organs of executive power appear, who get the role that can still be recognized as a police function in modern society.