Abstract
Aim: We investigated the kidney morphofunctional consequences of high-fat diet intake since post-weaning in adult rats.Main Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ND (normal diet; n = 10) and HD (high-fat diet; n = 10). The high-fat diet was introduced post-weaned and animals were followed for 8 weeks.Key Findings: HD group did not change body weight gain even though food consumption has decreased with no changes in caloric consumption. The HD group showed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was decreased in vivo (ND: 2.8 ± 1.01; HD: 1.1 ± 0.14 ml/min) and in the isolated perfusion method (34% of decrease). Renal histological analysis showed a retraction in glomeruli and an increase in kidney lipid deposition (ND: 1.5 ± 0.17 HD: 5.9 ± 0.06%). Furthermore, the high-fat diet consumption increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (ND: 1,276 ± 203; HD: 1,982 ± 47 pg/mL/mg) and IL-1b (ND: 97 ± 12 HD: 133 ± 5 pg/mL/mg) without changing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.Significance: Our study provides evidence that high-fat diet consumption leads to renal lipid accumulation, increases inflammatory cytokines, induces glomeruli retraction, and renal dysfunction. These damages observed in the kidney could be associated with an increased risk to advanced CKD in adulthood suggesting that reduction of high-fat ingestion during an early period of life can prevent metabolic disturbances and renal lipotoxicity.
Highlights
High-fat diets are becoming increasingly common in many countries and they contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1]
We investigated the morphological and functional kidney responses in adult rats, exposed to a high-fat diet after weaning
Our findings provide evidence that the consumption of this diet during this critical developmental period induces renal lipid accumulation, increases pro-inflammatory cytokines content and loss of renal function
Summary
High-fat diets are becoming increasingly common in many countries and they contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1]. It is recommended that fats account for 20–35% of total energy intake [3], but daily total fat consumption accounts for 50% of total energy intake in some countries [4]. High-fat diets, in general, are associated with metabolic disorders, and the type of dietary fat is a determinant risk factor since saturated fats are more linked to a positive fat balance and visceral adipose tissue accumulation than to other types of fat [5]. Saturated fat intake is more associated with increased serum LDL and total cholesterol than the consumption of other fatty acids [6]. The World Health Organization recommends a reduction in saturated fat consumption as one of the worldwide strategies to reduce mortality from chronic NCDs [7]
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