Post-veraison increase in source-sink ratio via manipulation of sink availability gradually reduces leaf functionality in grapevine (cv. Pinot noir)

Abstract

The vegetative-reproductive balance is critical in determining grapevine quality and productivity. Many agricultural practices (bunch thinning, defoliation, green pruning) can modify the source-sink relationships leading to altered vineyard efficiency and berry quality. Field experiments aimed at understanding how a decrease in sink availability influences leaf physiology of the reproductive shoot. In Pinot noir trained to guyot, control shoots were compared to shoots subjected to basal girdling (G), bunch removal (BR) or a combination of both treatments (G + BR). Morpho-physiological traits including leaf water status, gas-exchange, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf starch and soluble sugars, petiole and leaf dry weight were collected at different time of the day and over several days to evaluate the dynamics of leaf functionality following treatments application. The gradual reduction in sink availability induced significant reductions in leaf gas-exchange and PSII efficiency from the second day after the treatments’ application. Nonetheless, while reductions in photosynthetic capacity and increases in leaf temperature associated with a compromised stomatal physiology were present in the G + BR shoots, no differences were observed between bunch removal and control treatments. Girdling and G + BR showed a significant reduction in leaf chlorophyll a and b as well as carotenoids content when compared to control shoots. The increase in the source-sink ratio subsequently produced a marked increase in leaf starch, hexoses and sucrose accompanied by a reduction in the specific leaf area while the girdling did not affect the weight and brix degree of the bunches. This work shows how the progressive reduction in sink availability compromises leaf physiological functionality putatively owing to a reduction in assimilates translocation capacity from the leaf and hence starch storage and accumulation. However, limited effects were observed for shoots in which only the bunch was removed suggesting that assimilates allocation to other vegetative and/or reproductive sinks can maintain leaf functionality even in days characterized by unfavourable environmental conditions. • Sink availability greatly influences source dynamics • Reducing sink availability in grapevine resulted in higher diurnal susceptibility of the leaf to environmental stresses such as high VPD and air temperature • Source-sink relationships can indirectly govern water status via stomatal regulation of transpiration • Source-sink dynamics should be considered as a potential mechanism to exploit for reducing the impact of climate change in grapevine.