Abstract
Post-treatment of TiCl4 improves the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by enhancing the photocurrent (JSC) rather than the photovoltage (VOC), owing to an 80 mV downward shift in the TiO2 conduction band edge potential. Further treatment with niobium isopropoxide forms a Nb2O5 barrier layer that induces an upward shift in the Fermi energy and decreases the recombination rate, resulting in larger VOC. Quite intriguingly, the incident photon to current conversion efficiency results show that this second treatment also enhances JSC. Thus, the resulting electrode shows an improved conversion efficiency (by ca. 52%) over that of the non-treated electrode.
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