Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Hanif’s Red Birds

Abstract

The present study endeavors to analyze the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Muhammad Hanif’s Red Birds, focusing on the depiction of PTSD felt by major characters in then ovel. The psychological approach along with a descriptive qualitative method, has been used for evaluating the signs of PTSD in the backdrop of Raymond Benedict Flannery's theory. The significance of this study is to appraise the individuals about the hazardous outcomes of trauma. If trauma shows the symptoms of arousal, intrusive, and avoidance, the result is a post-traumatic stress disorder. Using this mechanism, the novel has been analyzed, and then the relevant data has been categorized according to the tenets of the theory. The study discovers the required symptoms of PTSD,i.e., intrusive, avoidance, and arousal, experienced by the characters. Mother Dear develops more intrusive symptoms as compared to arousal and avoidance symptoms, whereas arousal symptoms are more influenced by Momo.