Post-Traumatic Mucoceles: Does Encephalomalacia Predict Advanced Disease?

Abstract

Introduction: Mucoceles are a rare delayed complication of frontal sinus fractures. Although usually heralded by typical sinonasal symptoms, advanced disease can present with meningitis or facial disfigurement (forehead swelling, globe dystopia) due to posterior or anterior table erosion, respectively. The forceful anterior impact required for frontal sinus fractures is also capable of contusing the frontal lobes, which may impair executive function. Such a cognitive deficit may permit the development of advanced disease despite asymptomatic facial disfigurement. Because encephalomalacia precedes mucocele formation, patients with frontal lobe injury may warrant closer radiographic surveillance.