Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different tar yield cigarette brands on the post-puff inhalation/exhalation depth and duration for established smokers of the brands. The study was conducted with 74 established smokers of 1-17 mg Federal Trade Commission (FTC) tar products. The subjects were participating in a five-day inpatient clinical biomarker study during which time they were allowed to smoke their own brand of cigarette whenever they wished. On two separate days, the subjects’ breathing pattern was measured using respiratory inductive plethysmography while they smoked one cigarette. This enabled the measurement of the post-puff inhalation volume, exhalation volume, inhalation duration, and exhalation duration for each subject after each puff on two of their own brand of cigarettes.The subjects were grouped according to the FTC tar yield of their product: 1–3 mg; 4–6 mg; 7–13 mg; 14 + mg. The post-puff inhalation volume for the 4–6 mg group was significantly lower than both the 7–13 mg and 14+ mg groups, and the 4–6 mg group exhalation volume was significantly lower than the 14+ mg group (p < 0.05). No other differences were found at the 95% confidence level. When volumes were normalized to resting tidal volume (tidal ratio), there were no differences between the groups for any of the respiratory measures. No significant slope was found for correlations with FTC tar yield for inhalation volume (p = 0.11, mean = 833 mL, R = 0.19), inhalation tidal ratio (p = 0.93, mean = 1.73, R = −0.01) or lung exposure time (p = 0.92, mean = 4.1 s, R = −0.01).
Highlights
Over the past few decades, marked shifts have taken place in the incidence of the different histologic types of lung cancer
When tidal volume was taken into account there were no differences between the groups for any of the respiratory measures
It appears that the inhalation index was instead showing the effects of carbon monoxide (CO) diffusion out of the cigarette with flow rate (Baker & Crellin, 1977) rather than a measure of inhalation volume
Summary
Over the past few decades, marked shifts have taken place in the incidence of the different histologic types of lung cancer. There have been a number of studies published which measured the inhalation patterns of smokers with cigarettes of differing tar and nicotine yield. The switching study by Zacny and Stitzer (1988) did have each of the subjects smoking each of the five brands for five days/brand over a fiveweek period in a Latin Square design. This allowed some period for the possible alteration of inhalation patterns, yet the study still concluded “none of the respiration measures differed significantly across cigarette-yield conditions.”.
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