Post-match recovery profile of leukocyte cell subsets among professional soccer players

Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak,Paweł Wityk,Andrzej Ciechanowicz,Robert Nowak

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92956-9

Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak, Paweł Wityk + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92956-9

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Abstract

This study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players. Twenty-two males (aged 18–30 years) took part in the 36-week study. Participants playing up to 540 in cumulative match time and less than 30 min in each single match during the observation period formed the control group. White blood cell (WBC) phenotyping and creatine kinase (CK) plasma activity analyses were performed. Also, counts for WBC subsets were determined. No significant differences in the hematological parameters or lymphocyte and NK cell percentages were observed between the control and study groups. Changes in the T cell percentage were significant during weeks 11 and 30 and in Th and Tc cell percentages during weeks 2 and 26. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative match time and Th, NK, and B cell percentages; monocyte counts; and CK activity in the control group. However, for the study group, correlations were found between cumulative match time and Th, Tc, and B cell percentages; CK activity; and the CK ratio. Our study suggests that the distribution of CD45+ cells might be a useful tool for monitoring the immune status of professional soccer players.

Highlights

This study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players
Their phagocytic activity and communication with macrophages appear to be essential for the repair and regeneration of injured muscle tissue[26,27]. From this point of view, the first 24 h after a soccer match might be associated with a rapid immunological response followed by CD45+ cell infiltration into damaged muscles. It is unclear whether leukocyte counts are related to the induction and execution of apoptosis and the lack of efficient hematopoietic capacity of an athlete during cumulative training loads
No significant differences were observed between the control and study groups regarding lymphocyte (Fig. 3a) and natural killer (NK) (Fig. 3e) cell percentages

Summary

Introduction

This study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative match time and Th, NK, and B cell percentages; monocyte counts; and CK activity in the control group. The proteolytic and free radical-mediated removal of cell debris by granulocytes (mainly neutrophils) may elicit secondary tissue damage Their phagocytic activity and communication with macrophages appear to be essential for the repair and regeneration of injured muscle tissue[26,27]. It is unclear whether leukocyte (especially lymphocyte) counts are related to the induction and execution of apoptosis and the lack of efficient hematopoietic capacity of an athlete during cumulative training loads This is why peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) behave differently with respect to cell death and migration during recovery time[28]. Those changes in distribution between naïve and mature T cells seemed to be more intense in participants that train regularly[31,32]

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