Abstract
The evolution of the sociocultural behaviours determining lineage transmission and post marital residence rules in human societies has been the subject of intense debates in cultural anthropology and ethnology. Population genetics paradigms and methods can provide new insights into the past mobility behaviour of spouse and their influence on the genetic diversity patterns observed today among communities and populations. Here, we review, for a non-specialized scientific audience, two population genetics papers that we previously published (Verdu et al 2009; 2013). These papers mainly focused on the reconstruction of the demographic history of Central African hunter-gatherer and agricultural populations using genetic data, and on how complex post marital residence behaviours shaped the genetic diversity patterns currently observed within and among these populations. In particular, we found that Central African hunter-gatherer populations show genetic patterns that would be expected for matrilocal populatio...
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