Abstract
The complete failure of the power systems infrastructure in Puerto Rico, following Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, severely hampered the recovery efforts of multiple critical infrastructure systems (CIS). Understanding the relationships of infrastructure recovery efforts between power infrastructure systems and the other CIS has the potential to be a key in developing an effective recovery plan leading to resilient infrastructure systems, and thereby a more resilient community. This paper explores the critical interfaces and interdependencies in CIS recovery by examining the disruptions and recovery progress of the CIS, including the power infrastructure systems, in Puerto immediately following the events of Hurricane Maria. This research uncovers that strong CIS recovery interdependency relationships exist between the power infrastructure systems and other CIS in Puerto Rico, and these relationships contribute to the resilience of these CIS. The resultant CIS recovery associations may potentially predict the recovery progress of post-disaster CIS recovery centered on the power infrastructure systems and lay the groundwork for further interdependency analysis of CIS in post-disaster scenarios. The results may also be helpful while designing CIS for resiliency in natural disaster areas.
Highlights
Electricity and electrical energy services are essential to the proper functioning of modern-day life and power systems infrastructure fulfills this critical role of ensuring the continuous availability of the electrical energy services
The daily recovery progress of the critical infrastructure systems (CIS) of Puerto Rico directly relates to this section of the resiliency curve, and reveals the pre-storm resiliency of these systems, in terms of their performance levels and hurricane preparedness
An exponential recovery curve indicates a high level of disaster preparedness, a linear recovery indicates an average level of disaster readiness, and a sinusoidal curve indicates a low level of disaster preparedness or readiness for a given community or its critical infrastructures [26,28,29,30]
Summary
Electricity and electrical energy services are essential to the proper functioning of modern-day life and power systems infrastructure fulfills this critical role of ensuring the continuous availability of the electrical energy services. During powerful natural disaster events, this situation can often change dramatically with the power system infrastructure coming under severe stress that exceeds the stress handling capability of the infrastructure and its components. As with other critical infrastructure systems (CIS) of modern communities, the power infrastructure systems has close links with other CIS and is central to the proper functioning of all the other CIS, such as transportation systems, water, natural gas and oil or petroleum, financial and telecommunication services [1]. A successful investigation of power infrastructure systems and other CIS must consider the critical links and interdependencies among these CIS
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