Post-COVID-19 Cardiovascular Sequelae and Myocarditis.

Abstract

Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cardiovascular (CV) pathological changes, myocarditis, and myocardial infarctions (MIs) are major public health issues. This review discusses acute and chronic COVID-19 cardiac manifestations. The devastating impact of COVID-19 on global healthcare and economies has likely been one of humanity's deadliest calamities in recent decades, as multiple literature and databases were searched from 2020 to 2022. As of April 2022, we identified 73 articles in various electronic databases that discussed the details of COVID-19 and cardiac manifestations. Cardiometabolic risk factors should now, more than ever, be a top priority for clinicians, as their potent role in exacerbating COVID-19 illness severity has been conclusively demonstrated. This review discusses cardiac pathology changes, CV consequences of acute COVID-19, microvascular injury and cardiac complications linked with SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 linked with chronic CV disease, therapeutic drug effects on heart used in COVID-19, and possible investigational approaches and management strategies for post-COVID-19 CV consequences. Highlights Cardiac pathology changes: Effect of COVID-19. Mechanism of development of CV consequences in acute COVID-19: Including autopsy studies. Microvascular injury and cardiac complications: Linked with SARS-CoV2. COVID-19 linked with chronic CV disease. Therapeutic drug effects on heart used in COVID-19. Possible investigational approaches and management strategies for post-COVID-19 CV consequences.