Post Consumed Textile Waste Management and its Impacts on the Environment and Economy in Bandung City

Abstract

The textile industry has a strategic role in Indonesia’s economic growth, from employment to high export value, with Bandung City as one of its icons with export commodities during 2018-2021 reaching $82.3 million, which also have various negative impacts on the environment. Total textile waste globally, 88% ends up in landfills and incinerators, and it will increase to 68% in 2030 if business as usual is maintained. Post-consumed textile waste covers 88% of the total waste and tends to be more difficult to manage than pre-consumed textile waste due to hygiene and collection constraints that depend on the consumers of these textile products. This study aims to determine the amount of post-consumed textile waste generation along with the fate behaviour carried out by the consumer and formulate a post-consumed textile waste management strategy to reduce 31.89% of greenhouse gas and waste generation according to Indonesia’s NDC 2030 target. Waste generation and its handling behaviour by the community were determined using a random sampling survey and projected based on the value of industrial growth and population growth in Bandung City towards 2030. The results were analysed based on emission factors and other environmental impacts based on IPCC, USEPA, and other supporting journals. The study reveals that the generation of post-consumed textile waste in Bandung is 19.87 Gg/year (7.90 kg/person/year) and the fate behaviours currently rely on individual behaviours in donated, sold, reused, disposed of and other treatments. The study proposes a strategy to improve the system by preventing burning and dumping into rivers, increasing sorting to be processed into new textile products, and treating in landfill using incinerator. The strategy can save 144 billion litters of water, 9.256 thousand tons of chemicals, 314.21 tons of dyes, 355.6 m2/year of landfills, and save Rp.1.273 trillion/year of textile production costs, and most importantly, can keep GHG emissions at 0.435 Gg/year and waste generation at 3.552 Gg/year.