Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of kefir beverage on kidney structure biologically, histochemical and some biochemical parameters such as cholesterol level, MCP-1, and resistin in high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 60 rats were divided into two experiments by six groups: experiment Ⅰ included 3 non-diabetic ones and experiment ⅠⅠ included three STZ- induced diabetes groups. The groups were fed as follows: group 1 received a standard diet and served as control. Group 2 was fed on a standard diet and kefir (0.7 ml/animal/day by gavage). Group 3 received a high-fat diet and kefir (0.7 ml/animal/day by gavage). The diabetic males of groups A, B, and C were fed on the high-fat diet. Group B received besides kefir (0.7 ml/animal/day by gavage), while group C was injected additionally with insulin (0.76 UI/200 mg BW/day). After 5 weeks, animals of all groups were sacrificed. From the cell biological, histochemical, and histopathological conceptions, both kefir and insulin have various effects on cellular activities and different chemical materials contents, such as DNA, RNA, total protein, collagen, polysaccharides, and lipoproteins, in the examined normal and diabetic renal tubule cells of the male rats. Overall, it seems like kefir beverage may, to some extent, completely repair the diabetic pathological side effects such as kidney dysfunction regarding keeping the kidney tissue structurally almost normal with some changes in the histochemical components investigated, also there was an improvement in cholesterol level with a beneficial effect on lowering inflammatory markers. Finally, kefir highly reduces the collagen formation in the renal cells that prevent renal nephron from its function and we propose probably kefir treats kidney failure as a side effect of diabetes, by a mechanism that is opposite to the proposed mechanism, for the formation of this kidney failure induced by diabetes, via us in the present work.
Highlights
-Total Cholesterol: Results obtained from measurement of the total cholesterol level in the blood serum for the six groups in both experiments at the end of the experiment represented in figure 11 there was non-significance in experiment I according to the P value; the results showed a highly significant decrease in diabetic ones which treated with kefir beverage and insulin
-Serum MCP-1: Figure 12 showed the mean serum MCP-1 level in the six rat groups; there was nonsignificance in experiment I according to the P value; the results showed a highly significant decrease in diabetic ones treated with kefir beverage and insulin compared with the non-treated diabetic one
In reviewing the previously published literature, it is obvious that there is little or no amount of research work that concerning the effect of Kefir or high fat diet (HFD), or insulin on the volume of nuclei and histochemical contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides components in the kidney of both control and HFDdiabetic male rats. According to these data and reviewing the deficiencies relative to the effect of Kefir and/or insulin on the volume of nuclei and histochemical contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides components in the kidney of both normal and HFDdiabetic male rats, so in this discussion, we described the results of every study of every investigated organ without comparing it to publications of others authors dealing with the same study /organ
Summary
Of people over the age of 65 years have 1. Experimental Animals: diabetes and one-half of older adults. White male albino rats (Wistar have prediabetes (Boyle et al, 2018). This percentage is expected to Rodentia and family Muridae were used increase speedily in the coming in the present study. With higher rates of premature carried out on 60 albino rats, aged 6 death, functional disability, accelerated weeks, weighing about 220-250 g. Protocol Number (ORA use only): In the meantime, older adults 2017-17. We placed the adult animals in other older adults for several common the Laboratory Animal Research syndromes such as polypharmacy, Facility (LARF) building, University of cognitive impairment, urinary Idaho, USA, under observation for 1 incontinence, injurious falls, and week before experimentation to adapt persistent pain (Institute of Medicine of the animals to the new conditions to the National Academies 2018). All efforts were made to minimize the number used and their suffering
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