Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes anthropometric changes characterised by functional disability, increase in fat mass, and decrease in lean mass. All these variables are related to a greater cardiac risk. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and an increase in ketone bodies in the blood have been shown to have beneficial effects on anthropometric and biochemical variables related to cardiovascular activity. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the intervention with EGCG and ketone bodies on cardiac risk in MS patients. A population of 51 MS patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group (daily dose of 800 mg of EGCG and 60 mL of coconut oil). Both groups followed an isocaloric diet for 4 months. Levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum before and after the intervention, as well as determining functional ability, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat percentage and muscle percentage. After 4 months, in the intervention group there was a significant increase in BHB, PON1 and albumin, while CRP did not vary; a significant decrease in cardiac risk associated with a significant decline in WHR; as well as a significant increase in muscle percentage. By contrast, these changes were not observed in the control group. Finally, results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant time–condition interaction effect, observing that WHtR and fat mass decreased in the intervention group, while they increased in the control group.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS)of an inflammatory nature and characterised by neuronal demyelination and reactive astrocyte scar formation [1]
These anthropometric changes are observed through an increase in body mass index (BMI) and, especially, waist circumference [4] where fat accumulates around the abdomen [5]
We found that waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) [F(1.31) = 12,752; p = 0.001] and fat mass [F(1.48) = 21,275; p = 0.000] of participants in the intervention group decreased from baseline, whereas these variables increased in the control group
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS)of an inflammatory nature and characterised by neuronal demyelination and reactive astrocyte scar formation [1]. Speaking, patients with MS have functional disabilities [2] that are directly related to a progressive loss in lean mass associated at the same time with an increase in fat mass [3]. These anthropometric changes are observed through an increase in body mass index (BMI) and, especially, waist circumference [4] where fat accumulates around the abdomen [5]. Metabolic alterations alongside fat accumulation, especially in the abdominal area, increase oxidative stress [8] This can be related to a decrease of paraoxonase 1 (PON1)
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