Abstract
The newly developed YY model contains a set of constitutive rules to describe the structures of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, by using two elementary sub-quark particles, the Yin and Yang fermions of charge 1/3 forming all the particles of the Standard Model. This model suggests a modular structure of the universe, in which two elementary constituents recursively form all the matter. The advantage of this hypothesis is that it provides a total symmetry and a noticeably clear conceptual understanding. Moreover, it justifies the cosmological formation of a limited number of atoms, e.g., H and Li with their isotopes, considering that matter can be produced as a free agglomerate of semi-stable neutrons, which would lead to the feeding of baryonic matter in the universe. In this current article, some further theoretical aspects are proposed as an evolution of the YY model. They cover correlation paths between interacting quarks, the considerations of color forces between yin-yang elementary elements. Moreover, an agreement of the YY model with the Teplov approach based on harmonic quarks and oscillators is established, and the mass of Yin and Yang is considered. Two example nuclei are used for the analysis: a radioactively stable deuteron (containing a neutron and a proton) and a possible semi-stable dineutron (roughly “consisting of two neutrons”), which is purely theoretical, represent a very natural and legal nuclear state within YY model. Based on the results obtained here, some indications are given for a possible simple experimental verification providing proof for the stability or instability of the dineutron.
Highlights
This is not the first time that a sub-quark structure has been used to understand matter
The newly developed YY model contains a set of constitutive rules to describe the structures of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, by using two elementary sub-quark particles, the Yin and Yang fermions of charge 1/3 forming all the particles of the Standard Model
This includes main construction rules to ensure that nuclear aggregate states are logically and physically consistent and remain compliant with knowledge artifacts from the standard model and standard experimental physics
Summary
This is not the first time that a sub-quark structure has been used to understand matter. Since the YY model for atomic nuclei is relatively new and uses the Yin and Yang, two hypothetical elementary symmetric particles, we first give a summary of the basic concept already published with examples (Section 2), in particular for its constituents for building subatomic particles (quarks, electron and positron) and atomic nuclei (neutron, proton and deuteron) This includes main construction rules to ensure that nuclear aggregate states are logically and physically consistent (in the construction of units for electrical and color charges) and remain compliant with knowledge artifacts from the standard model and standard experimental physics. “Color forces” (not necessarily in the sense of existing formulations) are treated between a pair of two Yins, of two Yangs, or of Yin-Yang depending on colors (Section 4) This is another approach to linearizing the strong forces, which is simple but can be combined with a particular correlation path of two quarks for a quantum field treatment. Before the last part with conclusion and outlook, we give the conformal nuclear models for possible trineutron, tetraneutron and more (Section 10) without performing any investigation
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