Abstract
The June rainfall over the Korean peninsula has exhibited a significant decrease in particular after late 1990s. From the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analyses on the surface temperature, this study found two modes to be closely related to the decrease of rainfall over the peninsula. The first (second) EOF mode is associated with the enhanced surface temperature and anticyclonic circulation over the eastern Lake Baikal to northeastern China (the far East of Russia). The second mode also appears to be related to the cyclonic circulation over the East China Sea and south of Japan islands. These circulation patterns induce southeastward or eastward water vapor transports, and then contribute to the decreased moisture flux convergence and rainfall over Korea. In conclusion, the recent decrease of June rainfall over the Korean peninsula is thought to be, in part, associated with changes in the East Asian Summer Monsoon circulation possibly caused by the local warming trends over the eastern Lake Baikal to Mongolia and far East of Russia.
Highlights
The East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) is an important large-scale circulation system that determines a great deal of the annual precipitation over East Asia
Song and Sohn (2019) found that the June rainfall from Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) 60 stations in South Korea exhibits a gradual decrease of −27.72 mm decade−1 since 1978
The first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) mode was associated with the increased surface temperature and high pressure anomalies over the eastern Lake Baikal, Mongolia, and Manchuria regions
Summary
The East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) is an important large-scale circulation system that determines a great deal of the annual precipitation over East Asia. The EASM establishes a long-extended rain band, called as Mei-Yu, Baiu, and Changma fronts in China, Japan, and Korea, respectively. In association with Changma, the June rainfall over the Korean peninsula has exhibited a notable decreasing trend during recent four decades (Song and Sohn 2019). The recent decreasing trend in the June rainfall over the Korean peninsula may be due in part to interdecadal variation of the EASM system. It was reported that the EASM has been changed drastically around the mid to late 1990s, resulting in the decreased rainfall in eastern China, Korea, and Japan (northern area of EASM region) in contrast to the increased rainfall over the southern area of EASM front band (Kwon et al 2007; Yim et al 2014). It was reported that the EASM has been changed drastically around the mid to late 1990s, resulting in the decreased rainfall in eastern China, Korea, and Japan (northern area of EASM region) in contrast to the increased rainfall over the southern area of EASM front band (Kwon et al 2007; Yim et al 2014). Ueda et al (2015) showed that the contrast of sea surface temperature between
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