Abstract
BackgroundThis study explored the possible mechanism of flavones from Vitis vinifera L. (VTF) on neurotransmitters, synaptic transmission and related learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodsThe researchers injected amyloid-β(25–35) into the hippocampus to establish AD model rats. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a control group, a donepezil group, an AD model group, a VTF low-dose group, a VTF medium-dose group and a VTF high-dose group. The researchers detected the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) according to kit instructions. The protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) in the rats’ hippocampi was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the gene expression of cAMP-regulated enhancer (CRE) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsVTF may enhance the protein expression of p-CREB, BDNF and SYT1 in rat hippocampi, depending on dose. The messenger RNA (mRNA) level of CREB was significantly higher in the VTF high-dose group than in the model group, which was consistent with the results of Western blotting. VTF may reduce the activity of AChE and increase that of ChAT in rat hippocampi. Finally, VTF effectively improved the learning and memory abilities of AD rats.ConclusionsVTF can promote synaptic plasticity and indirectly affect the expression of cholinergic neurotransmitters, which may be one mechanism of VTF protection in AD rats.
Highlights
This study explored the possible mechanism of flavones from Vitis vinifera L. (VTF) on neurotransmitters, synaptic transmission and related learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer disease (AD)
Effect of VTF on memory learning in AD model rats The effect of VTF on memory learning ability of AD model rats was detected by water maze test
The number of crossing times of the donepezil (6.54 ± 3.02 times) significantly increased than those of the model group (p < 0.01, Table 3), and the high-dose VTF groups (4.86 ± 1.56 times) increased than those of the model group (p < 0.05, Table 3). These results suggest that donepezil and VTF effectively improves the learning and memory ability of AD rats
Summary
This study explored the possible mechanism of flavones from Vitis vinifera L. (VTF) on neurotransmitters, synaptic transmission and related learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer disease (AD). CREB can regulate spatial learning and memory to maintain normal function of synaptic plasticity; it is often referred to as “a molecular switch that regulates memory”. The synaptic plasticity–related proteins BDNF and SYT1 can promote neuronal regeneration and regulate synaptic plasticity, thereby affecting the learning and memory functions of the brain. Phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) promotes the survival and regulation of. In both animal and clinical experiments, the researchers found that consumption of plants and fruits rich in flavonoid compounds can repair injured neurons, thereby enhancing memory [5]. Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract can improve neurotoxic damage to hippocampal neurons [8], Ma et al Lipids in Health and Disease (2018) 17:152 while total flavonoids from Pueraria lobata can activate CREB and promote production of BDNF [9]
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