Abstract
Experimental, theoretical and computational studies revealed that the characteristic time scales involved in counterion dynamics in polyelectrolytes systems might span several orders of magnitude ranging from subnanosecond times to time scales corresponding to acoustic-like phonon mode frequencies, with an structural organization of counterions in charge density waves (CDWs). These facts raise the possibility of observing Magnetic Resonance (MR) signals due to the movement of counterions in polyelectrolytes. In case that this signal is detected in macroions or other biological systems, like micelles, vesicles, organeles, etc. with rotational symmetry, this method opens a new tool to measure with precission the counterions velocity.
Highlights
At small length scales within the domains, counterions exhibit liquid-like correlations and dynamics, and they are organized into counterion charge density waves (CDWs) [18]
( ) where μo is the permeability of free space, μo =4π ×10−7 Wb ⋅ A−1 ⋅ m−1 and μz = I πR2 zo is the magnetic moment associated with the current loop, where zo is a unit vector in the z direction
As an example consider the circular movement of counterions on the surface of a polyelectrolyte, used in nanomedicine with rotational symmetry, as shown in Figure 2, this does not mean that this effect can be visualize necessarily in this molecule
Summary
At small length scales within the domains, counterions exhibit liquid-like correlations and dynamics, and they are organized into counterion charge density waves (CDWs) [18]. The measured speed of sound is of the order of 2000 m/s We believe that these CDWs exist on the surface of polyelectrolytes with rotational symmetry generating a circular current loop, which produces a magnetic field B and the corresponding magnetic moment μ at the center of the macroion. This magnetic moment μ is oriented in an external magnetic field Bo producing a magnetic resonance signal under the aplication of a certain frequency ν
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