Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLS) are a group of plant secondary metabolites mainly found in Cruciferous plants, share a core structure consisting of a β-thioglucose moiety and a sulfonated oxime, but differ by a variable side chain derived from one of the several amino acids. These compounds are hydrolyzed upon cell damage by thioglucosidase (myrosinase), and the resulting degradation products are toxic to many pathogens and herbivores. Human beings use these compounds as flavor compounds, anti-carcinogens, and bio-pesticides. GLS metabolism is complexly linked to auxin homeostasis. Indole GLS contributes to auxin biosynthesis via metabolic intermediates indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN). IAOx is proposed to be a metabolic branch point for biosynthesis of indole GLS, IAA, and camalexin. Interruption of metabolic channeling of IAOx into indole GLS leads to high-auxin production in GLS mutants. IAN is also produced as a hydrolyzed product of indole GLS and metabolized to IAA by nitrilases. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge on involvement of GLS in auxin homeostasis.
Highlights
Glucosinolates (GLS) are a group of secondary metabolites found almost exclusively in Brassicaceae (Agerbirk and Olsen, 2012)
Interruption of GLS metabolism leads to severe defects in plant growth and development similar to high-auxin phenotypes (Boerjan et al, 1995; Mikkelsen et al, 2000, 2004; Bak and Feyereisen, 2001; Hansen et al, 2001b; Reintanz et al, 2001; Chen et al, 2003; FIGURE 1 | General structure of glucosinolates (GLS)
When Arabidopsis CYP79B2 or CYP79B3 genes was ectopically expressed in tobacco, IAOx and IAN were identified as endogenous compounds in the transgenic plants together with elevated levels of IAA compared to their controls (Nonhebel et al, 2011)
Summary
Glucosinolates (GLS) are a group of plant secondary metabolites mainly found in Cruciferous plants, share a core structure consisting of a β-thioglucose moiety and a sulfonated oxime, but differ by a variable side chain derived from one of the several amino acids. These compounds are hydrolyzed upon cell damage by thioglucosidase (myrosinase), and the resulting degradation products are toxic to many pathogens and herbivores. IAOx is proposed to be a metabolic branch point for biosynthesis of indole GLS, IAA, and camalexin. IAN is produced as a hydrolyzed product of indole GLS and metabolized to IAA by nitrilases. We will discuss current knowledge on involvement of GLS in auxin homeostasis
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