Possible influence of atmospheric circulations on winter haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, northern China

Z Zhang,S.-J Kim,X Zhang,D Gong,R Mao,X Zhao

doi:10.5194/acp-16-561-2016

Abstract

Abstract. Using the daily records derived from the synoptic weather stations and the NCEP/NCAR and ERA-Interim reanalysis data, the variability of the winter haze pollution (indicated by the mean visibility and number of hazy days) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region during the period 1981 to 2015 and its relationship with the atmospheric circulations at middle–high latitude were analyzed in this study. The winter haze pollution in BTH had distinct inter-annual and inter-decadal variabilities without a significant long-term trend. According to the spatial distribution of correlation coefficients, six atmospheric circulation indices (I1 to I6) were defined from the key areas in sea level pressure (SLP), zonal and meridional winds at 850 hPa (U850, V850), geopotential height field at 500 hPa (H500), zonal wind at 200 hPa (U200), and air temperature at 200 hPa (T200), respectively. All of the six indices have significant and stable correlations with the winter visibility and number of hazy days in BTH. In the raw (unfiltered) correlations, the correlation coefficients between the six indices and the winter visibility (number of hazy days) varied from 0.57 (0.47) to 0.76 (0.6) with an average of 0.65 (0.54); in the high-frequency ( < 10 years) correlations, the coefficients varied from 0.62 (0.58) to 0.8 (0.69) with an average of 0.69 (0.64). The six circulation indices together can explain 77.7 % (78.7 %) and 61.7 % (69.1 %) variances of the winter visibility and the number of hazy days in the year-to-year (inter-annual) variability, respectively. The increase in Ic (a comprehensive index derived from the six individual circulation indices) can cause a shallowing of the East Asian trough at the middle troposphere and a weakening of the Siberian high-pressure field at sea level, and is then accompanied by a reduction (increase) of horizontal advection and vertical convection (relative humidity) in the lowest troposphere and a reduced boundary layer height in BTH and its neighboring areas, which are favorable for the formation of haze pollution in BTH winter, and vice versa. The high level of the prediction statistics and the reasonable mechanism suggested that the winter haze pollution in BTH can be forecasted or estimated credibly based on the optimized atmospheric circulation indices. Thus it is helpful for government decision-making departments to take action in advance in dealing with probably severe haze pollution in BTH indicated by the atmospheric circulation conditions.

Highlights

The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is located in northern China, with approximately 110 million residents and 216 000 km2 in size
Using the daily visibility and number of hazy days recorded in the 19 meteorological stations and the NCEP/NCAR and ERA-Interim reanalysis data, the evolution of the winter haze pollution in the BTH region since 1981 and its possible relations to atmospheric circulations were examined in this study
The results showed that the winter mean visibility has a significant negative correlation with the number of hazy days, and both of them show distinctly inter-annual variability during the entire period 1981 to 2015

Summary

Introduction

The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is located in northern China, with approximately 110 million residents and 216 000 km in size. With the rapid progress of urbanization and industrial development over the past 3 decades, the BTH region has become one of China’s most economically developed regions and the third economic engine in China. Z. Zhang et al.: Possible influence of atmospheric circulations on winter haze pollution increased the level of air pollution in recent decades Most of eastern China has frequently suffered from severe haze or smog days in recent years, especially in the BTH region. The continuous haze pollution in January 2013 greatly threatened human health and traffic safety (Kang et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2013). Meteorological conditions are controlling the occurrence of haze pollution (Wu, 2012; Zhang et al, 2013). Y. Zhang et al, 2015)

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