Abstract
Bone substitute materials (BSM) are widely used in oral regeneration, but sufficient angiogenesis is crucial for osteogenesis. The combination of BSM with autologous thrombocyte concentrations such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) may represent a clinical approach to overcome this limitation. This study analyzes the early influence on osteoblast (HOB) in vitro. Here, four different BSM (allogeneic, alloplastic, and two of xenogeneic origin) were combined with PRF. After the incubation with osteoblasts for 24 h, cell viability, migration, and proliferation were assessed. Next, marker of proliferation, migration, and differentiation were evaluated on gene and protein levels in comparison to the native BSM and osteoblast alone. Addition of PRF increased viability for both the xenogeneic BSM (p = 0.0008, p = 0.032, respectively) in comparison to HOB and vs. native BSM (p = 0.008), and led to a tendency for increased cell proliferation and migration for all BSM (each p > 0.05). On gene basis, allogeneic and alloplastic BSM displayed a significantly increased RUNX2 expression (each p = 0.050). Expression of alkaline phosphatase for alloplastic (p = 0.050) and collagen-1 for xenogeneic BSM (p = 0.05) were significantly increased in combination with PRF. In addition, bone morphogenic protein was expressed significantly higher when xenogeneic material was combined with PRF in comparison to HOB alone (each p = 0.05). In summary, the combination of PRF with different BSM increases initial viability and may influence early proliferation and migration potential of osteoblast via RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen, and BMP2 especially in combination with alloplastic and xenogeneic BSM. Biofunctionalization of BSM using PRF might improve osteogenesis and extend the range of indications.
Highlights
Autologous bone augmentation remains the treatment therapy of choice for regenerative craniomaxillofacial surgery in case of facial bone loss due to trauma, cancer, or other pathologies (Tatullo et al, 2012)
Viability of HOB after 24 h of incubation with the respective bone substitute materials (BSM) with or without platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was analyzed via 3-(4,5dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay
Other studies found that TGF-β and PDGF, both growth factors released by PRF, may even reduce alkaline phosphatase and delay differentiation (Strauss et al, 2020)
Summary
Autologous bone augmentation remains the treatment therapy of choice for regenerative craniomaxillofacial surgery in case of facial bone loss due to trauma, cancer, or other pathologies (Tatullo et al, 2012). Bone substitute materials (BSM) of allogeneic, xenogeneic, or alloplastic origins represent a suitable and promising therapy option with specific indications: in opposite to the osteoinductive capacity of autologous bone, BSM shows functional deficits due to their osteoconductive properties (Khosropanah et al, 2018). Capillary structures supply the regenerated bony defect area with nutrients and minerals for homeostasis. They support and regulate diverse functions of the bone marrow and bone in osteogenesis processes, structurally and via paracrine pathways on different cellular levels (Grosso et al, 2017). New engineering strategies may overcome the current limitations of an insufficient initial blood supply of BSM that, with an increased angiogenic potential, may lead the way to an optimized osseous regeneration
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