Abstract
Several years of research relating to damage to concrete and aggregates undergoing freezing and thawing is summarized. Basic principles involving freezing and the attendant pressures are discussed. These principles were applied to the evaluation of concrete in experiments on concretes having low and high air contents. The freeze-thaw characteristics of saturated aggregates relative to their physical properties such as porosity, absorption, and bulk specific gravity were studied by submerging individual particles in the prechilled mercury. The pressures associated with pop-outs in concrete were monitored and are discussed in theoretical terms. /Author/
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