Possible biochemical mechanisms involved in beneficial and adverse effects of folates

Abstract

Fortification of flour and bakery products with folic acid (FA) to reduce the number of neural tube defects as well, as anemia, is practiced in some countries. The purpose of our review is to discuss is folic acid supplement reasonably everyone?It is well established, that folic acid has numerous significant beneficial effects. Folic acid prevents neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly, it prevents development of macrocytic anemia. The ability of folic acid to decrease homocysteine level is associated with its protective influence on cardiovascular disease. Moreover, combination of high folate level with vitamin B12 deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and anemia. According to available information, folate has a dual effect on cancer, protecting against cancer initiation, but facilitating progression and growth of neoplastic cells and promote methastasis. However, relationship between folate supplementation and cancer, is, perhaps, one of the most controversial subjects in the field.Whether increased circulating folic acid is a risk factor for certain pathologies, or it might have a beneficial effect is not clear at present. Scientific community does not have a true consensus view on whether mandatory fortification is true approach.