Possibility of Venous Serum Cl- Concentration ([Cl-]s) as a Marker for Human Metabolic Status: Correlation of [Cl-]s to Age, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Yoshinori Marunaka,Masaru Murayama,Takashi Nakahari,Asami Minamibata,Hironori Kobayashi,Yoshiaki Takanashi,Katsumi Yagi,Noboru Imagawa

doi:10.3390/ijms222011111

Abstract

The HCO3− concentration in venous serum ([HCO3−]s) is a factor commonly used for detecting the body pH and metabolic conditions. To exactly detect [HCO3−]s, the venous CO2 pressure should be kept as it is in the vein. The [HCO3−]s measurement is technically complicated to apply for huge numbers of almost heathy persons taking only basic medical examinations. The summation of [HCO3−]s and the venous serum Cl− concentration ([Cl−]s) is approximately constant; therefore, we studied if [Cl−]s could be a marker detecting metabolic conditions instead of [HCO3−]s. Venous blood was obtained from persons taking basic medical examinations (the number of persons = 107,630). Older persons showed higher values of [Cl−]s, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than younger ones. [Cl−]s showed positive correlation to age and negative correlation to FBS and HBA1c. The negative correlation of [Cl−]s to FBS/HbA1c was obvious in persons with high FBS/HbA1c, leading us to an idea that persons with high FBS/HbA1c show high [HCO3−]s, which might be caused by low activity of carbonic anhydrase in the lung observed in persons with diabetes mellitus under acidotic conditions. Taken together, an easily measured serum electrolyte, [Cl−]s, could be a useful marker estimating metabolic conditions.

Highlights

The metabolism is one of the most important functions maintaining our life activities.To exactly detect the metabolic condition, we have to measure various factors such as O2 consumption, CO2 production, pH in venous serum, HCO3− concentration in venous serum ([HCO3−]s), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), etc. [1,2,3,4]
The maximum mean value of [Cl−]s was observed at the age 60s (105.07 mEq/L; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 105.04–105.10 mEq/L; Figure 1) and 70 (105.09 mEq/L; 95% CI = 105.03–105.14 mEq/L; Figure 1): no significant difference of the mean [Cl−]s values was observed between these two groups, 60s and 70 (Figure 1)
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Summary

Introduction

The metabolism is one of the most important functions maintaining our life activities.To exactly detect the metabolic condition, we have to measure various factors such as O2 consumption, CO2 production, pH in venous serum, HCO3− concentration in venous serum ([HCO3−]s), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), etc. [1,2,3,4]. Concentrations of electrolytes such as H+ and HCO3− in the venous serum show the relatively chronic status of metabolic conditions [5,6,7,8,9], acute changes in metabolic conditions would affect H+ and HCO3− concentrations in the venous serum with a time lag dependent on the degree and the time duration of the acute metabolic changes. Even though these measurements could provide crucial information on the metabolic status, these measurements require technically complicated processes. In the present study, we tried to clarify if [Cl−]s could be an index for metabolic conditions instead of [HCO3−]s, the kidneys and lungs regulate the HCO3− concentration leading us to consider the function of the kidneys and lungs at evaluating [Cl−]s as an index for metabolic conditions [18]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion