Possibility of superradiant phase transitions in coupled two-level atoms

Abstract

Although the oscillator strength sum rule forbids the phase transition in ideal non-interacting two-level atoms systems, we present the possibility of the quantum phase transition in the coupled two-level atoms in a cavity. The system undergoes the superradiant phase transition in the thermodynamics limit and this transition is account for the atom–atom attractive interaction, exhibiting a violation of the sum rule. The bosonic coherent state technique has been adopted to locate the quantum critical point accurately in the finite-size system. We predict the existence of the superradiant phase transition as the number of atoms increases, satisfying all the constraints imposed by the sum rule.