Abstract
In this study, fly ash (FA) was modified by sodium hydroxide to prepare a new adsorption material (IP) and treat Pb2+- and Cd2+-polluted wastewater. The effect of preparation parameters (mass ratio of FA/NaOH and modification temperature) on IP adsorption performance was investigated. The results indicated that the IP4 showed the highest adsorption capacity prepared at the FA/NaOH mass ratio of 1 : 2 and the roasting temperature of 250°C. The IP4 was characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR analyses. The results showed that the surface morphology and microstructure of FA were significantly changed. Furthermore, in order to study the adsorption performance of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on IP4, the different initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+, pH, and contact time were analyzed, and the results indicated that IP4 has excellent adsorption capacity for heavy metals. In addition, kinetic model results demonstrated that the adsorption behavior of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on IP4 was better described by a pseudo-second-order model.
Highlights
IntroductionHeavy metal ions have been considered the most serious pollutants [1], which can lead to tremendous damage to the ecosystem [2]
Among water resource problems, heavy metal ions have been considered the most serious pollutants [1], which can lead to tremendous damage to the ecosystem [2]
There were many micropores on the activated carbon, which results in slow diffusion kinetics; it is limited in wastewater treatment [14, 15]
Summary
Heavy metal ions have been considered the most serious pollutants [1], which can lead to tremendous damage to the ecosystem [2]. Many technologies were introduced to treatment metal ions in wastewater, such as ion exchange [5], membrane separation [6], solvent extraction [7], and evaporation and chemical precipitation [8] These technologies have limited applications due to their high cost and low efficiency [9]. Activated carbon is used as heavy metal adsorbents, which presented excellent adsorption behavior due to its many macro- and micropores and large specific surface area [13]. Thereby, it is imperative to develop new economical and efficient adsorbents, such as modified fly ash
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