Possibilities of Using Seed Meals in Control of Herbicide-Susceptible and -Resistant Biotypes of Rye Brome (Bromus secalinus L.) in Winter Wheat.

Elżbieta Pytlarz,Dorota Gala-Czekaj

doi:10.3390/plants11030331

Abstract

Rye brome is a rare and nuisance weed in winter wheat canopies. In recent years, farmers have complained about the inadequate chemical control of this species. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of seed meals obtained from allelopathic crops as an environmentally-friendly alternative for the control of herbicide-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) rye brome biotypes in winter wheat. The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Swojczyce Research and Training Station in Wrocław (Poland) to determine the impact of seed meals from: Fagopyrum esculentum, Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Lupinus luteus, Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis and Ornithopus sativus, at 1 and 3% doses. Wheat emergence (>90%) and early growth were not affected by the presence in the soil of seed meals (only at 1% concentration) from P. tanacetifolia and R. sativus. The efficacy of these meals (reduction of aboveground biomass) at rye brome control was the same as the herbicide or higher. Seed meals from P. tanacetifolia reduced the emergence of the S and R biotypes by approximately 70 percentage points (p.p.) and 30 p.p., respectively, and limited the initial growth of both biotypes. Addition to soil meals from F. esculentum and R. sativus generally reduced only initial weed growth.

Highlights

Received: 16 December 2021Bromus L. is a genus belonging to the Poaceae family [1,2,3] and comprises about150 species [4]
This study revealed that meal from lacy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia; PT) and from fodder radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis; RS) at a concentration of 1% limited the development of the aboveground biomass of the herbicide-susceptible biotype of rye brome in the same way as spraying with herbicide
The study found that selected seed meals can constitute an alternative to herbicide management strategies for the control of herbicide-susceptible and -resistant biotypes of rye brome in winter wheat

Summary

Introduction

Received: 16 December 2021Bromus L. is a genus belonging to the Poaceae family [1,2,3] and comprises about150 species [4]. Bromus L. is a genus belonging to the Poaceae family [1,2,3] and comprises about. The most frequently occurring species of brome-grasses worldwide include: downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), great brome Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tsvelev), meadow brome (B. commutatus Schrad.), rye brome Cheat; B. secalinus L.), soft brome (B. hordeaceus L.), smooth brome (B. racemosus L.), sterile brome Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski) and rescue brome (B. willdenowii Kunth). All of these species pose a threat to arable crops as competitive weeds [1,5,6,7]. One of the most common and harmful weed species among the Bromus genus is rye brome. Rye brome is widespread in European countries such as the United

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