Possibilities of cardio- and nephroprotective eff ects of drugs of the SGLT2 inhibitor group

Abstract

This work is an attempt to analyze the data on the mechanisms of cardio- and nephroprotection of drugs of the SGLT2 inhibitor group (Sodium / glucose cotransporter 2). The data of recent studies are shown to indicate the eff ect of drugs of this group on the indices of central hemodynamics, on the volume of circulating plasma in particular, which can reduce the risk of progression and decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). The ability of empaglifl ozin to reduce pulsatility, a marker of increased vascular wall stiff ness, has been demonstrated. Also, SGLT2 inhibitors improve the energy supply of the myocardium and kidney tissue by increasing the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood, which are a more effi cient energy substrate than glucose and fatty acids. A direct pleiotropic eff ect on the myocardium, improvement of diastolic myocardial dysfunction is also not excluded. It is known that SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce cortical hypoxia, decrease intraglomerular hypertension and increase glomerular fi ltration rate, lessen incidence of nephropathy, its severity and rate of progression. Some studies have revealed antioxidant, anti-infl ammatory, antifi brotic eff ect of type 2 sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors. The use of this group of drugs also leads to a decrease in body weight. This eff ect is more pronounced in combination with other drugs intended for the treatment of obesity. All this makes SGLT2 inhibitors a promising group of drugs that have a large number of pathogenetic points of application in relation to cardiorenal syndrome.