Abstract
This article deals with the possibility of using cement by-pass dust (CBPD) in the garden architecture elements, specifically in curbs for park use. To increase the positive effect on the environment, other secondary raw materials were also used in the research, specifically blast furnace granulated slag and silica fly ash. Mixtures were based on alkali activation, where cement as a binder was 100% replaced by raw materials with waste properties. In the research, properties of used materials and also the basic physical-mechanical and durability properties of prepared mixtures were determined Part of the research focused on the effect of the tested beams on the grassland planted around the beams. Any significant negative impact was not registered, except for low pH increase of soil. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis were performed on selected samples. Testing has shown that the products are in accordance with the Czech standard requirements for concrete curbs in garden architecture. The samples did not pass only the scaling test, which is, however, a condition for concrete curbs used for roads. For garden architecture this test is not required.
Highlights
The environmental impacts of the cement industry have been considered, described and assessed many times
cement kiln dust (CKD) are always included in the cement plant system; cement by-pass dust (CBPD) are only obtained under certain conditions if a bypass is installed
Product of garden architecture—curb containing CBPD material will be applicable as an element for garden architecture, in spite of it being a product made of materials currently not used
Summary
The environmental impacts of the cement industry have been considered, described and assessed many times. If the appropriate technology is installed, dust particles from different stages of production are captured. This brings another problem to the fore, which is the trapped particles, which are cement kiln dust (CKD) or cement by-pass dust (CBPD). When installing a by-pass, the kiln gases are sucked out and, with a rapid cooling, undesired gases condense on the surface of the dust particles (cement by-pass dust CBPD) [10]. The quality of CBPD depends mainly on the combustion technology, the raw materials and the fuel used [11,12]
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