Abstract
Three types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) with different functional active groups were used to modify rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). Aminopropylisobutyl-POSS (AP-POSS), trisilanoisobutyl-POSS (TS-POSS) and octa(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyldimethylsiloxy-POSS (OH-POSS) were added in an amount of 0.5 wt.% of the polyol weight. The characteristics of fillers including the size of particles, evaluation of the dispersion of particles and their effect on the viscosity of the polyol premixes were performed. Next, the obtained foams were evaluated by their processing parameters, morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, SEM), mechanical properties (compressive test, three-point bending test, impact strength), viscoelastic behavior (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, DMA), thermal properties (Thermogravimetric Analysis, TGA, thermal conductivity) and application properties (contact angle, water absorption). The results showed that the morphology of modified foams is significantly affected by the fillers typology, which resulted in inhomogeneous, irregular, large cell shapes and further affected the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. RPUFs modified with AP-POSS represent better mechanical properties compared to the RPUFs modified with other POSS.
Highlights
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a group of polymers characterized by the most diverse properties, thanks to which they have a very wide range of industrial applications [1,2,3]
For the synthesis of polyurethanes, isocyanates that were obtained by Wurtz in 1849 are used as the fundamental raw material [4]
Open-cell polyurethane foams increase the heat transfer capacity, which means they are characterized by much higher thermal conductivity than
Summary
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a group of polymers characterized by the most diverse properties, thanks to which they have a very wide range of industrial applications [1,2,3]. Among the synthesized polymeric materials, PUs currently occupy fifth place among the most commonly used plastics in the world and constitute 7.7% of total plastics produced [5,6]. Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are used as high-performance thermal insulation materials in construction, pre-insulated pipelines and in the refrigeration industry due to their properties, such as closed cell structure, low thermal conductivity, and low moisture absorption capacity [8,9,10,11]. Open-cell polyurethane foams increase the heat transfer capacity, which means they are characterized by much higher thermal conductivity than
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