Abstract

Study of positrons in the Universe is one of the major subjects of high-energy astrophysics, insofar as positrons are known to be copiously produced in a large diversity of cosmic sites. High-energy positrons are generated in the decay from particles produced in nuclear interactions of cosmic-ray protons and nuclei with interstellar atoms. Positrons can also be produced at lower energies in many other astrophysical environments (nucleosynthesis, pair plasma, etc.). After discussing the main milestones of the search for cosmic positrons, either by direct detection or via the observations of the e+e− annihilation radiation, this review intends to highlight recent developments in the studies of cosmic sites of e+e− annihilation radiation either in the central region of the Galaxy and in the close vicinity of accreting stellar black holes.

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