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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has many clinical applications in oncology, neurology and cardiology. PET is widely available in developed countries, and has also become available in a number of middle-income countries, including South Africa. Commonly used PET radionuclides include fluorine-18, carbon-11, nitrogen-13 and oxygen-15, which are commonly found in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Undoubtedly the most important radiopharmaceutical used in PET scanning at present is [F-18]-FDG, which accumulates in many tumour cells. FDG PET imaging has some specific uses in the evaluation of patients with endocrine tumours. These include the detection of recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with a rising thyroglobulin level and negative iodine scan, and cases of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma with rising calcitonin levels. In parathyroid adenoma, FDG PET appears useful in cases where conventional nuclear medicine imaging is negative. For adrenal masses, FDG PET appears to be a hi...
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