Abstract
Problem statement: The effect of Ni and Fe nano-particles as a filler on the free volume properties Of Natural Rubber (NR) was studied using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). Approach: The PAL measurements revealed that the free volume properties are strongly affected by the amount and type of filler. Results: Particularly speaking, the free volume fraction dramatically decreased by increasing the filler content. Besides, the addition of nano-prticles created new positron trapping sites at filler-rubber interfaces. Furthermore, correlations were made between the free volume hole sizes (Vh) and each of the mechanical and electrical properties successively. A negative correlation was observed between Vh and hardness in the Ni-rubber composites while a positive counterpart was found in the case of Fe-rubber composites. Finally, the polarity of the fillers, being higher than that of the rubber itself, leads to an increase in electrical parameters and an inhibition of o-Ps formation. Conclusion: These results indicate that the investigated composites are considered to be insulating materials as their conductivity values are in the order of an insulator range.
Highlights
The production of polymer nanocomposites is an essential feature of polymer nanotechnology
As a continuation of El-Nashar et al (2009) study, this study investigates the effect of Ni and Fe nanoparticles filler on free volume properties of natural rubber
This study aims at establishing a correlation between each of the mechanical and electrical properties of nanoparticles-rubber composites with microstructure free volume properties as a function of phr filler content
Summary
The production of polymer nanocomposites is an essential feature of polymer nanotechnology. Polymer nanocomposites are materials in which nanoscopic inorganic particles dispersed in an organic polymer matrix in order to considerably develop the performance of the mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer (Chatkaew et al, 2010). Because of their nanometer sizes, nano-fillers (0.1-200 nm length scale) can increase the modulus, strength, toughness, resistance to chemical attack, resistance to thermal degradation, flammability resistance and dimensional stability of polymeric materials. Polymer nanocomposites containing ferrites are gradually replacing usual ceramic magnetic materials for the reason of their mould ability and lessening in price They are promising materials for microwave absorbers, sensors and other aerospace applications. These bendable magnets or rubber ferrite composites are possible by the integration of magnetic powders in various elastomer matrices (Makled et al, 2005)
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