Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare in the pediatric population, accounting for 2-3% of childhood leukemia cases, with an annual incidence of one case per million children. The low toxicity profile of imatinib mesylate has led to its approval as a front-line therapy in children for whom interferon treatment has failed or who have relapsed after allogeneic transplantation. We describe the positive responses of 2 children (case 1 - from a 7-year-old male since May 2005; case 2 - from a 5-year-old female since June 2006) with Philadelphia-positive chromosome CML treated with imatinib (300 mg/day, orally) for up to 28 months, as evaluated by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular approaches. Our patients are alive, are in the chronic phase, and are in continuous morphological complete remission.
Highlights
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare childhood condition
While many adult cases of Ph+ CML have been successfully treated with imatinib [11], it remains unclear whether imatinib should be used as a front-line treatment for children with Ph+ CML
A phase I study recently reported that imatinib was well tolerated by Ph+ children at doses ranging from 260 to 570 mg/m2 [6]
Summary
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare childhood condition. The only known curative therapy for these children is allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). With no matched donors for SCT, α-IFN was changed to imatinib, 300 mg/day, and the patient achieved normal levels of WBC without any adverse side effects (Figure 1C). A favorable decrease to
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