Positive relation between dietary inflammatory index and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Chronic inflammation is known to play a critical role in the development of various diseases, such as osteoporosis. The inflammatory potential of a diet can be evaluated using a well-established scale known as the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the DII score and the odds of osteoporosis in Iranian women. The study conducted was a case-control study involving 131 postmenopausal healthy women, as well as 131 women with osteoporosis and osteopenia aged 45–65. Osteoporosis was diagnosed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which measures bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck bone and lumbar spine. To assess the DII score, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was applied. In comparison to the first tertile of DII score, higher and significant odds of osteoporosis/osteopenia were seen in the last tertile (fully adjusted model (body mass index, age, income, education, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D supplements): odds ratio (OR) = 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–4.95, Ptrend = 0.023). Also, individuals in the highest DII tertile had higher odds of abnormalities in femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD (fully adjusted model: OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.37–5.89, Ptrend = 0.007 and OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.29–5.19, Ptrend = 0.009, respectively). Based on our findings, it appears that there may be a connection between following pro-inflammatory diets and the odds of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis during early postmenopause

BackgroundStudies on the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with osteoporosis, and bone mineral density (BMD) have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a history of GDM with osteoporosis, BMD, and trabecular bone score (TBS) in postmenopausal women.MethodsPostmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2010, between 2013 and 2014, and between 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively included in this cross-sectional study. The logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between GDM and osteoporosis, and a weighted linear regression model was applied to investigate the association between GDM and total femoral BMD, femoral neck BMD, and total TBS. Subgroup analysis of the association between GDM and osteoporosis was performed according to age, body mass index (BMI), and DM (yes or no).ResultsOf the 6732 women included, 253 women (3.76%) had GDM. No significant differences in total femoral BMD, femoral neck BMD, and total TBS were observed between postmenopausal women with and without a history of GDM. However, a history of GDM was associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [odds ratio (OR): 11.18, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.64 to 34.27, P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference between a history of GDM and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women whom BMI is normal and overweight women. However, there was an association between a history of GDM and osteoporosis in postmenopausal obese women (OR: 26.57, 95% CI 10.23 to 68.98, P < 0.001).ConclusionA history of GDM was associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, particularly in postmenopausal obese women.

Recent studies have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia and low plasma folate are associated with fracture and also bone mineral density (BMD) and that they may contribute to the pathogenicity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, as plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and plasma folate can be regarded as short-term markers when compared to a long-term variable such as BMD, in this study we tested the hypothesis that low red blood cell 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (RBC 5-MTHFR) as a long-term marker of the folate status may be a better predictor of BMD than plasma 5-MTHF, and its deficiency may contribute to the pathogenicity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iranian women. The BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) together with anthropometric and biochemical components of the homocysteine re-methylation pathway including plasma tHcy, 5-MTHF and vitamin B12, RBC 5-MTHF and creatinine were determined in 366 postmenopausal women. RBC 5-MTHF was more highly correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (r=0.21, P=0.001) and femoral neck (r=0.19, P=0.004) than was plasma 5-MTHF (lumbar spine; r=0.14, P=0.03 and femoral neck; r=0.17, P=0.006). Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that RBC 5-MTHF was one of the predictors of BMD explaining 4.3 and 4.0% variance of BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively, whereas plasma 5-MTHF was excluded in the model and not determined to be a predictor of BMD at both the lumbar spine and femoral neck when adjusted for age, BMI, years since menopause and RBC 5-MTHF. This study suggests that RBC 5-MTHF is a better predictor of BMD than plasma 5-MTHFR when compared to a long-term marker such as BMD, and its deficiency is associated with low BMD that may contribute to the pathogenicity of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Osteoporosis is a common disease of the elderly, in which genetic and clinical factors contribute to the disease phenotype. Since the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in the bone mass and skeletal disorders, we investigated whether IL-1 system gene polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Taiwanese women.METHODS:Osteoporosis is diagnosed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, which measures bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites. We studied the IL-1α (-889C/T), IL-1β (-511C/T) and the 86 base pair variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 2 of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene in 117 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 135 control subjects without a history of symptomatic osteoporosis. These gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymerase. Blood sugar and other risk factors were also determined.RESULTS:The frequencies of IL-1β (-511C/T) genotypes (P=.022, odds ratio=1.972) and alleles (P=.02, odds ratio=2.909) showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, we did not find any statistically significant difference in IL-1α and IL-1ra polymorphisms (P>.05). We also observed a positive relationship between osteoporosis and cholesterol and a weak inverse relationship between blood sugar and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.CONCLUSIONS:These experimental results suggest that the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is associated with IL-1β (-511C/T) polymorphism in postmenopausal women. This polymorphism is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis.

Effects of Raloxifene on Bone Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients

BackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) complications associated with low bone quality are challenging for orthopaedic surgeons to treat, but little is known about bone quality in Chinese postmenopausal women awaiting TKA. This study investigated the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) and explored the preoperative risk factors for OP in this population.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of Chinese postmenopausal women who were indicated for TKA between May 2017 and June 2020. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and lumbar spine and multiple preoperative parameters were collected and analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for OP in this population.ResultsA total of 204 postmenopausal women with advanced knee OA were included in the study (age: 69.7±8.5 years; body mass index [BMI]: 25.5±4.0 kg/m2). The OP prevalence among all participants was 59.8%, and the patients aged 60–80 years had a significantly lower BMD than did the age/ethnicity-adjusted population. An age ≥60 years, a BMI<25, and the presence of a varus knee deformity were independent risk factors for preoperative OP in the postmenopausal women awaiting TKA.ConclusionThe prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal women awaiting TKA is higher than that in the age/ethnicity-adjusted normal population. An age ≥60 years, a BMI<25, and the presence of a varus knee deformity are independent risk factors that can be used to predict preoperative OP in this population.

Background: In India and surrounding Asian countries, osteoporosis is becoming a public health issue. The study was aimed to assess the risk factors for osteoporosis in preterm and postmenopausal women because the risk factors for natural osteoporosis in women in these nations are similar. Osteoporosis is a major public health concern around the world. In the United States, an estimated 10 million persons aged 50 and over had osteoporosis, with more than 5 million women, including 4.5 million women and 800,000 men, suffering from the disease. The highest rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis among Arab women was recorded in Kuwaiti women 50 years or older, with even higher rates reported in the Saudi Arabian State (KSA) among women of the same age, with 31% having osteopenia and 40% having lumbar spine osteoporosis.&#x0D; Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the risk factors for developing osteopenia and osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal women, to assess pre- and postmenopausal women's knowledge of osteoporosis prevention, and to assess the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge and selected demographic variables.&#x0D; Material and Method:&#x0D; In December 2020, a systematic literature search was conducted. This search included the months of January 2018 through December 2020. The key terms "osteoporosis," "menopause," and "risk factor" were used to conduct a literature search in Pub Med and Google Scholar.&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is 41 percent, while it is 53 percent in India alone. In comparison to other countries, China is studying a variety of risk factors. The maximum risk variables were investigated in China, but not in India, Korea, or Japan. As a result, age, height, postmenopausal status, and exercise were taken into account in the final study. Age was investigated as a non-modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis in all four countries: India, China, Korea, and Japan. Calcium consumption and a variety of workouts were discovered to be useful modifiable factors. Other characteristics, such as age, height, and postmenopausal status, are unchangeable. All four countries evaluated age as a non-modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis: India, China, Korea, and Japan.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The current study discovered a link between osteoporosis awareness and marital status, previous osteoporosis knowledge, and health information source. In postmenopausal women, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as a variety of workouts, might be considered preventive strategies for osteoporosis.&#x0D; Keywords: Menopause, osteoporosis, risk factor, early detection, prevention of osteoporosis.

Objective: To investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A total of 410 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes of natural menopause with no history of fracture were collected from outpatients of Beijing Hospital (Oct 2017 - Nov 2019). Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine L1-L4 and hip was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical markers of bone and glucose metabolism were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups based on BMD: A (osteoporosis): T ≤-2.5 SD; B (osteopenia) -2.5 &amp;lt; T ≤ -1 SD; C (normal bone mineral density) T &amp;gt; -1 SD. Statistical differences of age, menopausal age, diabetes age, BMI and biochemical indexes were compared between groups. Result: 1. Case number based on lumbar spine BMD: 189 in A (46.1%), 147 in B (35.9%), and 74 in C (18.0%). ANOVA analysis showed group A patients had the highest age (F 5.698, p 0.004), age of diabetes onset (F 7.596, p 0.001), ALP (F 3.231, p 0.041) and menopausal duration (F 7.596, p 0.001), but the lowest BMI (F 11.456, p 0.000). Logistic multivariate regression showed body mass index is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes [A vs. C: OR1.224 (95% CI 1.106-1.355, p 0.000); A vs. B: OR1.172 (95% CI 1.079-1.274, p 0.000].2. Case number based on femoral neck BMD: 159 in A (38.8%), 188 in B (45.9%), 63 in C (15.3%). ANOVA analysis showed group A patients had the highest age (F 21.484, p 0.000), age of diabetes onset (F 10.125, p 0.000) and PTH (F3.691, 0.026), but the lowest BMI (F 11.456, p 0.000). Logistic multivariate regression showed body mass index is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes [A vs. C: OR1.267 (95% CI 1.120-1.433, p 0.000); A vs. B: OR1.195 (95% CI1.099-1.301, p 0.000)]. Conclusion: Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes is associated with older age, longer menopause duration, older age of diabetes onset and lower BMI. Disclosure Y. Wang: None. Z. Lina: None. L. Guo: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., BD, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi China.

Visceral fat metabolic activity evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with osteoporosis in healthy postmenopausal Korean women

Background:Osteoporosis, a prevalent bone malady, is prevalent in Iran. Several studies have represented the role of dietary antioxidants on osteoporosis. The dietary antioxidant index (DAI) is a valid and reliable index, which indicates a comprehensive view of dietary antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to survey the relationship of the DAI with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Iran. This research aimed to examine the association between the DAI and the risk of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women in Iran.Materials and Methods:In this case–control study, 440 postmenopausal women (220 cases and 220 controls) were enrolled. The dietary intake of contributors was evaluated using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. To estimate the DAI, the amount of six antioxidant micronutrients such as Vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, manganese, and zinc was standardized. Then, the DAI was estimated by collecting the standardized consumption of these antioxidant micronutrients.Results:Our findings represented the participants in the first (crude odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.85, P = 0.013) and second (crude OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01–2.55, P = 0.043) tertiles of the DAI scores had significantly higher odds of osteoporosis compared to those in the third one; while after modifying for confounding factors, this significant reverse relationship was observed just between women in the first and third tertiles of the DAI scores (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.34–3.18, P = 0.015).Conclusion:The consequence of this study suggested that adherence to a diet rich in antioxidant compounds may have protective effects against osteoporosis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent form of primary osteoporosis, affecting over 40% of postmenopausal women. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and PMOP in postmenopausal Chinese women. However, available evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible association between GLP-1R SNPs and PMOP in Han Chinese women. Thus, we conducted a case-control study with 152 postmenopausal Han Chinese women aged 45–80 years, including 76 women with osteoporosis and 76 without osteoporosis. Seven SNPs of the GLP-1R were obtained from the National Center of Biotechnology Information and Genome Variation Server. We employed three genetic models to assess the association between GLP-1R genetic variants and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, while also investigating SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions with the risk of PMOP. In this study, we selected seven GLP-1R SNPs (rs1042044, rs2268641, rs10305492, rs6923761, rs1126476, rs2268657, and rs2295006). Of these, the minor allele A of rs1042044 was significantly associated with an increased risk of PMOP. Genetic model analysis revealed that individuals carrying the A allele of rs1042044 had a higher risk of developing osteoporosis in the dominant model (P = 0.029, OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.09–6.99). Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction was found between rs1042044 and rs2268641 that was associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (Pinteraction = 0.034). Importantly, this association remained independent of age, menopausal duration, family history of osteoporosis, and body mass index. However, no significant relationship was observed between GLP-1R haplotypes and PMOP. In conclusion, this study suggests a close association between the A allele on the GLP-1R rs1042044 and an increased risk of PMOP. Furthermore, this risk was significantly augmented by an SNP-SNP interaction with rs2268641. These results provide new scientific insights into the development of personalized prevention strategies and treatment approaches for PMOP.

Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. The reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contributes to elevated lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI). To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A prospective analytical case control-study conducted in Khartoum north hospital at Khartoum city, capital of the Sudan from April 2017 to March 2018 after ethical approval obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Alzaeim Alazhary University on the committee meeting number (109) on Wednesday 15th February 2017. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.Two hundred postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The age was studied in one hundred osteoporosis postmenopausal women as a case group and one hundred non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women as control group. The serum lipid profiles were estimated using spectrophotometers (Mandry) and BMI calculated using Quetelet index formula. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16. The BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in case group respectively were (24.846±2.1647, 251.190±27.0135 mg/dl, 168.790 ±45.774 mg/dl, 50.620 ± 7.174 mg/dl, 166.868 ±28.978 mg/dl). While the BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in control group respectively were (25.378 ±3.8115, 187.990 ± 26.611 mg/dl, 139.360±20.290 mg/dl, 49.480 ±4.659 mg/dl, 111.667 ±28.0045 mg/dl). All serum lipid profiles significantly increased (p=0.000) in the case group compared to the control group, except serum HDL was insignificant different between the case and control group and also BMI was insignificant different between the case and control group. There was a positive Pearson's correlation between BMD and serum total cholesterol (r= 0.832, P<0.01), serum LDL (r = 0.782, P<0.01) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.72, P<0.01). Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had a significant increase in serum lipid profile and BMI. Moreover, we found a positive link between women with cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

PurposeAs an important public health problem, osteoporosis (OP) in China is also in an upward trend year by year. As a standard method for diagnosing OP, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot analyze the pathological process but only see the results. It is difficult to evaluate the early diagnosis of OP. Our study was carried out through a serum metabolomic study of OP in Chinese postmenopausal women on untargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (MS) to find possible diagnostic markers.Materials and Methods50 Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 50 age-matched women were selected as normal controls. We first used untargeted GC/LC-MS to analyze the serum of these participants and then combined it with a large number of multivariate statistical analyses to analyze the data. Finally, based on a multidimensional analysis of the metabolites, the most critical metabolites were considered to be biomarkers of OP in postmenopausal women. Further, biomarkers identified relevant metabolic pathways, followed by a map of metabolic pathways found in the database.ResultsWe found that there may be metabolic pathway disorders like glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in postmenopausal women with OP. 18 differential metabolites are considered to be potential biomarkers of OP in postmenopausal women which are a major factor in metabolism and bone physiological function.ConclusionThese findings can be applied to clinical work through further validation studies. It also shows that metabonomic analysis has great potential in the application of early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring in postmenopausal OP women.

The correlation of genetic polymorphisms of GALNT3 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women was investigated. A total of 1,212 cases of postmenopausal patients diagnosed with osteoporosis (observation group) and 404 cases of postmenopausal women without osteoporosis (control group) were selected. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae L2–4, proximal femoral neck and total hip, and classifications were made. TaqMan genotyping technology was employed to examine tag single-nucleotide polymorphism (tagSNP) of GALNT3 and VDR and the correlation of tagSNP with bone turnover markers (BTMs) and serum calcium and phosphorous levels was analyzed. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors for osteoporosis. A comparison of age and menopause time of the two groups, yielded no statistical significance difference (P>0.05). BMD and T values of the lumbar vertebrae, femoral neck and total hip in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). A comparison of the degree of osteoporosis, yielded statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The proportion of tagSNP of 5 loci in GALNT3 and 3 loci in VDR in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05). Levels of 25-OHD3, β-CTX, P1NP and serum calcium in the observation group were lower than those in the control group and the level of serum phosphorus in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and all of these results were statistically significant (P<0.05). The result of the correlation analysis revealed that rs1425000 and rs757343 were negatively correlated with BTM and serum calcium and phosphorus levels (P<0.05). The result of the regression analysis revealed that 8 tagSNPs were independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Genetic polymorphisms of GALNT3 and VDR were closely associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.