Positive Pressure Ventilation Techniques in Neonatal Resuscitation

Abstract

Introduction: Newborns often experience asphyxia; thus they need ventilation support. Neonatal resuscitation has an essential role to reduce the risk of disability. Discussions: Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) consists of invasive and non-invasive PPV. The tools needed are self-inflating bag, positive end-expiratory pressure, flow-inflating bag, continuous positive airway pressure, T-piece resuscitator, laryngeal mask, and face mask. Indications for PPV are if the baby is not breathing spontaneously/effectively or the baby's heart rate is less than 100 beats per minute. The ventilation speed is 40 to 60 times inflation per minute with an inspiration time of about 0.3 to 0.5 seconds and some studies recommend less than 1 second because it could cause hyperventilation and end up in a condition of lowering blood pressure to the arteries of the brain. The success of PPV if there is dynamic chest movement, heart rate above 100 beats per minute, and oxygenation improvement. Complications that can be caused are lung damage, hemodynamic disorders, pneumonia, and neurochemical changes, and facial injuries. Conclusion: Newborns often experience asphyxia, thus they need ventilation support to save newborns . Positive pressure ventilation is an important part of neonatal resuscitation in infants who are not breathing spontaneously or effectively.