Positive Pharmacological Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera on Some Liver and Kidney Functions and Oxidative Stress Markers in Sea Bream Sparus auratus L Exposed to Sodium Fluoride toxicity

Abstract

This study was planned to investigate possible positive pharmacological effects of the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera (M oleifera) against the toxic effects of sodium fluoride in sea bream Sparus auratus L exposed to 1/10 LC50 dose of sodium fluoride at 96 hr (6.1 mg/L). Also, the changes in anti-oxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gills and aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and Creatinine were studied. In addition, the amelioration of sodium fluoride toxicity by addition of M. oleifera to the ration of exposed fish by the rate of 1% was investigated. The results showed that sodium fluoride decreased total protein in the serum of sea bream. On the other side, the level of AST, ALT and creatinine were increased. SOD and CAT in gills in sodium fluoride exposed group were lower than those in the group where M. oleifera was supplemented. Exposure of sea bream to sodium fluoride for eight weeks resulted in significant changes in mRNA abundance for a limited subset of the analyzed hepatic sea bream genes. GSR mRNA levels decreased in liver upon incubation with sodium fluoride, irrespective to the length of the treatment, whereas the corresponding levels in sea bream fed with M. oleifera were indistinguishable from controls.